{"id":2174,"date":"2025-07-01T07:53:09","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T07:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/?p=2174"},"modified":"2025-07-01T07:53:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T07:53:13","slug":"nvis-military-antenna-a-build-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/2025\/07\/nvis-military-antenna-a-build-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"NVIS Military Antenna, A Build Guide."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><h4 dir=\"auto\">This design is for a multiband horizontal dipole or fan dipole antenna, optimized for NVIS propagation on 80m and 40m, with potential tuning for 60m or 20m using an antenna tuner. The antenna is low to the ground (0.1\u20130.25 wavelengths) to maximize vertical radiation and is suitable for portable or fixed emergency communications (EMCOMM). It\u2019s inspired by practical designs like the military AS-2259\/GR and homebrew solutions from ham radio resources.<\/h4><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><p dir=\"auto\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">Materials Needed<\/p><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><li><strong>Antenna Wire<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>150\u2013200 ft of insulated antenna wire (e.g., 14-gauge stranded copper or DX Engineering DXE-ANTW-150) for multiple bands.For 80m: ~66 ft total (33 ft per leg).For 40m: ~33 ft total (16.5 ft per leg).<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Center Insulator<\/strong>: A commercial dipole center insulator (e.g., DX Engineering or homebrew with PVC and connectors).<strong>End Insulators<\/strong>: 4\u20136 ceramic or plastic insulators for the dipole ends.<strong>Coaxial Feedline<\/strong>: 50\u2013100 ft of RG-8X or RG-58 coax (low loss preferred; keep it short for portable setups).<strong>Antenna Tuner<\/strong>: A wide-range tuner (e.g., LDG AT-100ProII) to match impedance across multiple bands.<strong>Mast or Support<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>A 10\u201315 ft telescoping fiberglass mast (e.g., painter\u2019s pole from Lowe\u2019s) or PVC pipe.Alternatively, 4 fiberglass \u201ccammo\u201d poles for portable setups (as per Dr. Carl O. Jelinek\u2019s design).<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Ground Wire (Optional)<\/strong>: ~5% longer than the dipole (e.g., ~70 ft for 80m) to act as a reflector for improved gain (3\u20136 dB).<strong>Connectors<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>1 PL-259 connector for the coax.Banana plugs or binding posts for wire connections at the center.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Support Rope<\/strong>: Non-conductive rope (e.g., paracord) for securing dipole ends.<strong>Tools<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Soldering iron, wire cutters, crimping tool, SWR meter or antenna analyzer.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Optional<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>1:1 balun to reduce feedline radiation.EMT conduit (1-1\/4&#8243; sections) for a sturdy mast (as per Hackaday\u2019s AS-2259 replica).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><h4 dir=\"auto\">Design Considerations<li><strong>Height<\/strong>: Mount the antenna 0.1\u20130.25 wavelengths above ground (e.g., 13\u201323 ft for 40m, 26\u201346 ft for 80m). For portable use, 3\u201315 ft is common to prioritize vertical radiation over DX.<strong>Polarization<\/strong>: Horizontal polarization is critical for NVIS, as vertical antennas are less effective.<strong>Frequency<\/strong>: Operate below the critical frequency (typically 3\u201310 MHz, with 3.5 MHz at night and 7 MHz during the day for mid-latitudes).<strong>Ground Reflector<\/strong>: A single ground wire parallel to the dipole, placed directly underneath, can enhance gain.<\/li><\/h4><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><h3 dir=\"auto\">Step-by-Step Build Instructions<li><strong>Calculate Wire Lengths<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>For a multiband dipole, calculate the half-wave dipole length for each band using the formula:<br><strong>Length (ft) = 468 \/ frequency (MHz)<\/strong>.<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li><strong>80m (3.5 MHz)<\/strong>: ~66 ft total (33 ft per leg).<strong>40m (7.0 MHz)<\/strong>: ~33 ft total (16.5 ft per leg).<strong>60m (5.3 MHz, optional)<\/strong>: ~44 ft total (22 ft per leg).<\/li><\/ul><br>Cut two wires for each band, ensuring each leg is half the total length. Label them to avoid confusion.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Prepare the Center Insulator<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Use a commercial center insulator or build one with a PVC cap or plate.Attach a SO-239 connector or binding posts to connect the coax feedline.Secure the wires for each band (80m and 40m) to the insulator, ensuring good electrical connections (solder or crimp).For a fan dipole, connect all dipole wires to the same feedpoint, fanning them out slightly to avoid interaction.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Assemble the Mast<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>For portable setups, use a telescoping fiberglass mast (10\u201315 ft) or four fiberglass \u201ccammo\u201d poles arranged in a square for stability.For fixed setups, a single PVC or EMT conduit mast (10\u201315 ft) works well.Secure the mast base with stakes or a weighted base for portability.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Mount the Dipole<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Attach the center insulator to the top of the mast.Extend the dipole wires horizontally, securing the ends to insulators and tying them off with rope to stakes, trees, or low supports (6\u20137 ft high).Keep the antenna as flat as possible or configure it as a mild inverted-V (sloping down to ~6 ft at the ends) to maintain high-angle radiation.If using a ground reflector, lay a wire ~5% longer than the dipole (e.g., 70 ft for 80m) directly beneath it on the ground.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Connect the Feedline<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Attach the coaxial feedline to the center insulator (via SO-239 or direct connection).Use a 1:1 balun at the feedpoint to minimize feedline radiation (optional but recommended).Run the coax to your radio, keeping it as short as possible to reduce losses (e.g., &lt;50 ft for portable setups).<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Tune the Antenna<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Connect the coax to an antenna tuner and then to your HF radio (e.g., Icom 7300 or Yaesu FT-857D).Test the antenna on the 40m band (e.g., 7.1 MHz) using an SWR meter or antenna analyzer.Adjust the wire lengths slightly (trim or fold back) to achieve an SWR of 1.5:1 or better.Test on 80m (e.g., 3.8 MHz) and other bands. The tuner should handle minor mismatches, allowing multiband operation.Note: Without a tuner, the antenna may only resonate well on the designed bands (80m and 40m).<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Optional Ground Reflector<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Lay a single ground wire (e.g., 70 ft for 80m) directly under the dipole, parallel to it, on the ground.This acts as a reflector, increasing gain by 3\u20136 dB and stabilizing the radiation pattern.<\/li><\/ul><br><strong>Test and Deploy<\/strong>:<br><ul dir=\"auto\"><li>Test the antenna on 40m and 80m during daylight and nighttime to confirm NVIS performance (100\u2013300 mile range).Use low power (e.g., 5\u2013100 W) to verify contacts within the target range.For EMCOMM, set up pre-arranged frequencies and schedules with other stations for reliable communication.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/h3><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><br><br><h3 dir=\"auto\">Performance Tips<li><strong>Frequency Selection<\/strong>: Choose a frequency ~15% below the critical frequency for reliable NVIS propagation. Use tools like VOACAP or real-time ionospheric maps to determine the critical frequency (typically 3\u201310 MHz). For mid-latitudes, 3.5 MHz (80m) works well at night, and 7 MHz (40m) during the day.<a type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abrab\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Near_vertical_incidence_skywave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.search.brave.com\/J-BbF9nYOMrLw_mnL36oGqyzMpHP6q9HxYOpKvt4JH8\/rs:fit:64:0:0:0\/g:ce\/aHR0cDovL2Zhdmlj\/b25zLnNlYXJjaC5i\/cmF2ZS5jb20vaWNv\/bnMvNjQwNGZhZWY0\/ZTQ1YWUzYzQ3MDUw\/MmMzMGY3NTQ0ZjNj\/NDUwMDk5ZTI3MWRk\/NWYyNTM4N2UwOTE0\/NTI3ZDQzNy9lbi53\/aWtpcGVkaWEub3Jn\/Lw\" alt=\"\"><\/div><\/a><strong>Height Optimization<\/strong>: A height of 0.2\u20130.25 wavelengths (e.g., 15\u201323 ft for 40m) maximizes vertical radiation. Lower heights (e.g., 3\u20134 ft) work for portable setups but reduce efficiency due to ground losses.<a type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abrac\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hamradiosecrets.com\/nvis-antenna.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.search.brave.com\/U3JpEyrXgi1GDqQg2lBAb-c7SGuOk4Ql-BwQJOeC4G0\/rs:fit:64:0:0:0\/g:ce\/aHR0cDovL2Zhdmlj\/b25zLnNlYXJjaC5i\/cmF2ZS5jb20vaWNv\/bnMvNmRlZGQ0M2I1\/YWRiOTk2NDdiZGIy\/NGU5ODViOGI2ODY0\/NDg3ZmZjODA4MGM3\/ZDYyMWZjNTlhNmNk\/MGE3NmZiNC93d3cu\/aGFtcmFkaW9zZWNy\/ZXRzLmNvbS8\" alt=\"\"><\/div><\/a><strong>SWR and Losses<\/strong>: High SWR on long coax runs can cause significant losses (e.g., 11.6 dB with 100 ft of RG-8X on 80m). Keep the feedline short or use a tuner at the antenna base for portable setups.<a type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abrad\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/oldcyberdude.com\/wb5nhl\/emcomm\/nvis-antenna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.search.brave.com\/gcJsSZ-6bz9mKc_xD5AhuJR7sGhURPcE9s_dIb71ZMM\/rs:fit:64:0:0:0\/g:ce\/aHR0cDovL2Zhdmlj\/b25zLnNlYXJjaC5i\/cmF2ZS5jb20vaWNv\/bnMvOGZkOTg4MjQy\/OWI5ZWI2OWRhOTQx\/MzhhOWQ1NTJjMjMw\/YzM0N2I5OGVhZGNl\/OTIxNjY3YWQxNjRi\/MDNiYjlkZi9vbGRj\/eWJlcmR1ZGUuY29t\/Lw\" alt=\"\"><\/div><\/a><strong>Multiband Operation<\/strong>: A fan dipole (multiple dipoles connected to one feedpoint) or a tuner allows operation on 80m, 40m, and potentially 60m or 20m. Avoid bands above 10 MHz, as NVIS is less reliable.<a type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abrae\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/offgridham.com\/2024\/09\/nvis-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.search.brave.com\/Qs4BDOPPxjdXdT_iUDa8ukGNm9cTKHl99CTV5Imuxyk\/rs:fit:64:0:0:0\/g:ce\/aHR0cDovL2Zhdmlj\/b25zLnNlYXJjaC5i\/cmF2ZS5jb20vaWNv\/bnMvYzQ2MjljNDUw\/MTVjNWZkM2Y4N2Nl\/YzdjZmNlNjQzYTY5\/OWI0YjRkMzNjZjE3\/ZGIyNTU4ODU2YTc1\/NmJjOWEzMi9vZmZn\/cmlkaGFtLmNvbS8\" alt=\"\"><\/div><\/a><strong>Terrain<\/strong>: NVIS is ideal for mountainous or rugged terrain, as it bypasses line-of-sight limitations.<a type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abraf\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics-notes.com\/articles\/antennas-propagation\/ionospheric\/nvis-near-vertical-incidence-skywave.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.search.brave.com\/7TdB1snMxjpS4em9FEkvLvK_wnhaw0OWOdhJKTCUxak\/rs:fit:64:0:0:0\/g:ce\/aHR0cDovL2Zhdmlj\/b25zLnNlYXJjaC5i\/cmF2ZS5jb20vaWNv\/bnMvMjk3NGY1MThj\/ZTVlZWZhZjA2NDI5\/NTVhMmI0YWFkNGNi\/ZjcyOWMxZmQzMmVi\/MmRjNDg5MjhiMWY5\/NDA1MTk5OC93d3cu\/ZWxlY3Ryb25pY3Mt\/bm90ZXMuY29tLw\" alt=\"\"><\/div><\/a><\/li>Example Performance<li><strong>Range<\/strong>: Expect reliable communication within 100\u2013300 miles, ideal for regional EMCOMM or disaster scenarios.<strong>SWR<\/strong>: With proper tuning, you can achieve an SWR of 1.1:1 to 1.5:1 on 40m and 80m, as reported in a similar build.<a type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abrag\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/badger-fi.com\/2019\/02\/13\/nvis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.search.brave.com\/Yb5T6JLt3xkkbkUC4TpyurvBkaw3m9HYmeUbvYckxQA\/rs:fit:64:0:0:0\/g:ce\/aHR0cDovL2Zhdmlj\/b25zLnNlYXJjaC5i\/cmF2ZS5jb20vaWNv\/bnMvY2U4MDcxYWJk\/OWUyMjMxNGJjNmVj\/OGZmNWFjMmFiMDQ2\/NTY4YmE2MzJhNGU5\/YWMwMzk5OTM3MzZk\/YzE5OGM5MC9iYWRn\/ZXItZmkuY29tLw\" alt=\"\"><\/div><\/a><strong>Noise Reduction<\/strong>: Low NVIS antennas (e.g., 3\u20134 ft) reduce noise pickup, improving signal-to-noise ratio, especially for QRP (low-power) operation.<\/li><\/h3><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NVIS Military Antenna, A Build Guide<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","omw_enable_modal_window":"enable","osp_disable_panel":"default","osh_disable_topbar_sticky":"default","osh_disable_header_sticky":"default","osh_sticky_header_style":"default","osh_sticky_header_effect":"","osh_custom_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_retina_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_sticky_logo_height":0,"osh_background_color":"","osh_links_color":"","osh_links_hover_color":"","osh_links_active_color":"","osh_links_bg_color":"","osh_links_hover_bg_color":"","osh_links_active_bg_color":"","osh_menu_social_links_color":"","osh_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,98,189],"tags":[188],"class_list":["post-2174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amateur-radio","category-antennas","category-nvis","tag-nvis","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2174"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2177,"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2174\/revisions\/2177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mm0zif.radio\/current\/wp-json\/wp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